CHAPTER V: RESULTS
FIG 10: FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF GENDER
TABLE 8: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF AGE (YEARS)
Age (years)
Mean
52. 5683
Median
50. 0000
Std. Deviation
9. 76985
Range
50. 00
Minimum
40. 00
Maximum
90. 00
TABLE 9: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF AGE IN RELATION GENDER
Age (years)
Male
Female
Total
Mean
54. 715750. 816052. 5683
Std. Deviation
9. 935819. 309549. 76985
Std. Error
. 98379. 83267. 64845
95% C. I
Lower Bound
52. 764149. 167951. 2905
Upper Bound
56. 667352. 464153. 8461
Minimum
40. 0040. 0040. 00
Maximum
90. 0080. 0090. 00
p- value = 0. 003 (significant difference)
FIG 11: BAR GRAPH SHOWING THE DURATION OF DISEASE
FIG 12: BAR GRAPH SHOWING THE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF DURATION OF DISEASE IN RELATION TO AGE (YEARS)
TABLE 10: DURATION OF DISEASE IN RELATION TO GENDER
Male
Female
Total
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Duration of Disease
Less than a Year
22. 0%21. 6%41. 8%
1-10 years
43. 9%21. 6%62. 6%
11-20 years
4645. 1%5745. 6%10345. 4%
21-30 years
2928. 4%5040. 0%7934. 8%
31-40 years
1615. 7%118. 8%2711. 9%
> 41 years
54. 9%32. 4%83. 5%
Total
102
100. 0%
125
100. 0%
227
100. 0%
p- value = 0. 235 (in-significant difference)
FIG 13: TYPES OF TREATMENT USED BY PATIENTS
TABLE 11: TYPES OF TREATMENT IN RELATION TO MALES AND FEMALE
Male
Female
Total
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Type of treatment
Diet
22. 0%1. 8%31. 3%
OHG
1918. 6%2318. 4%4218. 5%
Insulin
6866. 7%9273. 6%16070. 5%
Insulin + OHG
76. 9%32. 4%104. 4%
No treatment
43. 9%64. 8%104. 4%
Others
22. 0%0. 0%2. 9%
Total
102100. 0%125100. 0%227100. 0%
p- value = 0. 302 (in-significant difference)TABLE 12: FREQUENCY TABLE OF MICHIGAN NEUROPATHY SCORE
Score
Frequency
Percent
Cumulative Percent
. 00
62. 62. 6
1. 00
167. 09. 7
2. 00
4419. 429. 1
3. 00
4318. 948. 0
4. 00
4118. 166. 1
5. 00
3615. 981. 9
6. 00
4118. 1100. 0
Total
227100. 0
TABLE 13: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF MICHIGAN NEUROPATHY SCORE
Michigan Neuropathy Score
Mean
3. 6256
Median
4. 0000
Std. Deviation
1. 66586
Range
6. 00
Minimum
. 00
Maximum
6. 00
TABLE 14: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF MICHIGAN SCORE IN RELATION TO GENDER
Michigan Neuropathy Score
Male
Female
Total
Mean
3. 56863. 67203. 6256
Std. Deviation
1. 691621. 649911. 66586
Std. Error
. 16750. 14757. 11057
95% C. I
Lower Bound
3. 23643. 37993. 4077
Upper Bound
3. 90093. 96413. 8434
Minimum
. 00. 00. 00
Maximum
6. 006. 006. 00
p- value = 0. 643 (in-significant difference)
FIG 14: MEAN MICHIGAN SCORE WITH RESPECT TO DURATION OF DISEASE
TABLE 15: FREQUENCY TABLE OF MONOFILAMENT TESTING (RIGHT FOOT)
Score
FrequencyPercentCumulative Percent
. 00
229. 79. 7
1. 00
1. 410. 1
2. 00
31. 311. 5
3. 00
52. 213. 7
4. 00
52. 215. 9
5. 00
73. 118. 9
6. 00
94. 022. 9
7. 00
125. 328. 2
8. 00
2912. 841. 0
9. 00
62. 643. 6
10. 00
12856. 4100. 0
Total
227100. 0
TABLE 16: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF MONOFILAMENT TESTING (RIGHT FOOT)
Monofilament Testing (right foot)
Mean
7. 8458
Median
10. 0000
Std. Deviation
3. 25441
Range
10. 00
Minimum
. 00
Maximum
10. 00
TABLE 17: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF MONOFILAMENT TESTING (RIGHT FOOT) IN RELATION TO GENDER
Monofilament Testing (right foot)
Male
Female
Total
Mean
7. 62758. 02407. 8458
Std. Deviation
3. 146343. 341973. 25441
Std. Error
. 31153. 29892. 21600
95% C. I
Lower Bound
7. 00957. 43247. 4202
Upper Bound
8. 24558. 61568. 2715
Minimum
. 00. 00. 00
Maximum
10. 0010. 0010. 00
p-value = 0. 362 (in-significant difference)
FIG 15: MEAN MONOFILAMENT TESTING (RIGHT FOOT) WITH RESPECT TO DURATION OF DISEASE
FIG 16: INTERPRETATION OF MONOFILAMENT TESTING (RIGHT FOOT)
TABLE 18: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF AGE (YEARS) IN RELATION TO INTERPRETATION OF MONOFILAMENT TESTING (RIGHT FOOT)
Age (years)
Normal
Reduced Sensation
Absent Sensation
Total
Mean
51. 058156. 554. 272752. 5683
Std. Deviation
9. 2401110. 40079. 592579. 76985
Std. Error
0. 742181. 470872. 045140. 64845
95% C. I
Lower Bound
49. 591953. 544250. 019651. 2905
Upper Bound
52. 524259. 455858. 525853. 8461
Minimum
40404040
Maximum
80907090
p- value = 0. 0000 (Significant difference)
TABLE 19: INTERPRETATION MONOFILAMENT TESTING (RIGHT FOOT) IN RELATION TO GENDER
Male
Female
Total
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Normal
6260. 89374. 415568. 3
Reduced Sensation
3332. 41713. 65022. 0
Absent Sensation
76. 91512. 0229. 7
Total
102100. 0125100. 0227100. 0
FIG 17: INTERPRETATION OF MONOFILAMENT TESTING (RIGHT FOOT) IN RELATION TO DURATION OF DISEASE
p- value = 0. 433 (in-significant difference)
TABLE 20: FREQUENCY TABLE OF MONOFILAMENT TESTING (LEFT FOOT)
Score
Frequency
Percent
Cumulative Percent
. 00
219. 39. 3
1. 00
31. 310. 6
2. 00
2. 911. 5
3. 00
41. 813. 2
4. 00
41. 815. 0
5. 00
94. 018. 9
6. 00
94. 022. 9
7. 00
125. 328. 2
8. 00
3013. 241. 4
9. 00
62. 644. 1
10. 00
12755. 9100. 0
Total
227100. 0
TABLE 21: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF MONOFILAMENT TESTING (LEFT FOOT)
Monofilament Testing (left foot)
Mean
7. 8502
Median
10. 0000
Std. Deviation
3. 23484
Range
10. 00
Minimum
. 00
Maximum
10. 00
TABLE 22: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF MONOFILAMENT TESTING (LEFT FOOT) IN RELATION TO GENDER
Monofilament Testing (left foot)
Male
Female
Total
Mean
7. 64718. 01607. 8502
Std. Deviation
3. 091503. 350453. 23484
Std. Error
. 30610. 29967. 21470
95% C. I
Lower Bound
7. 03987. 42297. 4271
Upper Bound
8. 25438. 60918. 2733
Minimum
. 00. 00. 00
Maximum
10. 0010. 0010. 00
p- value = 0. 394 (in-significant difference)
FIG 18: MEAN MONOFILAMENT TESTING (LEFT FOOT) WITH RESPECT TO DURATION OF DISEASE
FIG 19: INTERPRETATION MONOFILAMENT TESTING (LEFT FOOT)
TABLE 23: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF AGE (YEARS) IN RELATION TO INTERPRETATION OF MONOFILAMENT TESTING (LEFT FOOT)
Age (years)
Normal
Reduced Sensation
Absent Sensation
Total
Mean
51. 108356. 734753. 761952. 5683
Std. Deviation
9. 1914010. 572729. 517909. 76985
Std. Error
. 733551. 510392. 07698. 64845
95% C. I
Lower Bound
49. 659353. 697949. 429451. 2905
Upper Bound
52. 557359. 771558. 094453. 8461
Minimum
40. 0040. 0040. 0040. 00
Maximum
80. 0090. 0070. 0090. 00
p- value = 0. 0000 (Significant difference)
TABLE 24: INTERPRETATION MONOFILAMENT TESTING (LEFT FOOT) IN RELATION TO GENDER
Male
Female
Total
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Normal
6361. 8%9475. 2%15769. 2%
Reduced Sensation
3332. 4%1612. 8%4921. 6%
Absent Sensation
65. 9%1512. 0%219. 3%
Total
102100. 0%125100. 0%227100. 0%
p- value = 0. 235 (in-significant difference)
FIG 20: INTERPRETATION OF MONOFILAMENT TESTING (LEFT FOOT) IN RELATION TO DURATION OF DISEASE
p- value = 0. 367 (in-significant difference)
TABLE 25: NET PERCENTAGE OF MONOFILAMENT TESTING (RIGHT + LEFT FOOT)
Right Foot Results
Left Foot Results
Mean Result (Right + Left Foot)
No.
%
No.
%
%
Normal
15568. 315769. 268. 75
Reduced Sensation
50224921. 621. 8
Absent Sensation
229. 7219. 39. 5
Total
227100. 0227100. 0100. 0227 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Among the included patients, 102 patients i. e., 45 % were male and 125 patients i. e., 55 % were female. Baseline characteristics of these patients were analyzed in terms of age, gender, duration of diabetes mellitus, types of treatment and Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument Score System. Mean age of the patients was 52. 5683 ?? 9. 76985 with a 95% C. I. of 51. 2905 for the lower bound and 53. 8461 for the upper bound, median is 50. 0000. Standard error was 0. 64845. Range of age in years was 50. 00; minimum age limit of patients that came to outpatient department was 40. 00 and maximum is 90. 00. Mean age of male population was 54. 7157 ?? 9. 93581 with a 95% C. I. of 52. 7641 for the lower bound and 56. 6673 for the upper bound. Standard error was 0. 98379. Minimum age limit of patients that came to outpatient department was 40. 00 and maximum is 90. 00. Mean female population was 50. 8160 ?? 9. 30954 with a 95% CI of 49. 1679 for the lower bound and 52. 4641 for the upper bound. Standard error was 0. 83267. Minimum and maximum age in years limit for male is 40. 00 and 90. 00; for female is 40. 00 and 80. 00 and in total is 40. 00 90. 00. p -value was 0. 003 which means significant difference. Frequency of duration of disease for less than one year, 1-10 years, 11-20, 21-30, 31-40 and > 40 years was 4, 6, 103, 79, 27 and 8 respectively. When total duration of diabetes mellitus was analyzed according to age of the study population, most of the patients were found to have mean age of 60 year and they had a disease duration of ??? 41 years . Those with a duration of 31-40 years were found to have mean age of 57 years. Mean age of those with duration of 21-30 years was 51 years whereas mean age of those with disease duration of 11-20 years was 53 years. Mean age of the remaining patients was 46 years and 45 years for disease duration of 1-10 years and with <1 year respectively. Upon analysis of the duration of disease in relation to gender, following results were obtained: Most of the male patients (46 male patients comprising of 45. 1% of the male population) had a disease duration of 11-20 years. 29 male patients (28. 4% of the male population) had disease duration of 21-30 years. 16 male patients (15. 7% of the male population) had disease duration of 31-40 years whereas 5 female patients (4. 9% of the male population) had disease duration of ??? 41 years. 4 patients (3. 9% of the male population) had a disease duration of 1-10 years whereas 2 patients (2. 0% of the male population) had a disease duration of <1 year. Most of the female patients (57 male patients comprising of 45. 6% of the female population) had a disease duration of 11-20 years. 50 female patients (40% of the female population) had disease duration of 21-30 years. 11 female patients (8. 8% of the female population) had disease duration of 31-40 years whereas 3 female patients (2. 4% of the female population) had disease duration of ??? 41 years. 2 patients (1. 6% of the female population) had a disease duration of 1-10 years whereas 2 patients (1. 6% of the female population) had a disease duration of <1 year. Thus most of the total study population (103 patients comprising of 45. 4% of the total study population) had a disease duration of 11-20 years. 79 patients (34. 8% of total study population) had disease duration of 21-30 years. 27 patients (11. 9% of the total population) had disease duration of 31-40 years whereas 8 patients (3. 5% of the female population) had disease duration of ??? 41 years. 6 patients (2. 6% of the total population) had a disease duration of 1-10 years whereas 4 patients (1. 8% of the total population) had a disease duration of <1 year. p-value = 0. 235 which means in-significant difference. Comparison of the duration of diabetes mellitus among male and female patients showed that the percentages of the female patients were higher than in male patients in the duration group between 11-20 yrs (45. 60 % vs. 45. 1%) and 21-30 yrs (40. 0% vs. 28. 4%) while the percentages of the male patients were higher than in female patients in the diabetics with duration < 1year (2% vs. 1. 60% ), in patients with duration of diabetes between 1-10 yrs (3. 9 % vs. 1. 60% ), between 31-40 yrs (15. 7 % vs. 8. 80%), and in group having diabetes > 41 yrs (4. 9% vs. 2. 4% ). Analysis of the type of treatment for diabetes mellitus in total patients showed that 160 patients (70. 5%) were on insulin therapy; 42 patients (18. 5%) were on oral hypoglycemic; 10 patients (4. 4%) were on insulin and oral hypoglycemic; 10 patients (4. 4%) were taking no treatment. 3 patients (1. 3%) were on dietary control and 2 patients (0. 9%) were on other treatment like hakeem medication. Upon gender analysis for the type of treatment, it was found that 68 male patients ( 66. 7% of the male population) were on insulin therapy; 19 patients (18. 6%) were on oral hypoglycemics; 7 male patients (6. 9% of the male population) were on insulin + oral hypoglycemic; 4 males (3. 9% of the male population) were taking no treatment. 2 patients(2. 0% of the male population) were on dietary control and 2 patients (2. 0% of the male population) were on other treatment like hakeem medication. Among female patients, 92 female patients (73. 6% of the female population) were on insulin therapy; 23 patients (18. 4%) were on oral hypoglycemics; 3 female patients (2. 4% of the female population) were on insulin + oral hypoglycemic; 6 females (4. 8% of the female population) were taking no treatment. one patients (0. 8% of the female population) was on dietary control. No female patient was found to be taking other type of treatment. Upon comparison of the male and female patients, it was observed that the percentages of male patients were higher than female patients in the treatment group who were on diet control (2. 0 % vs. 0. 80%); on oral hypoglycemics only (18. 6% vs. 18. 4%); on both insulin and oral hypoglycemics (6. 9% vs. 2. 40%) and on other treatments like hakeem medications ( 2. 00 % and 0. 00 ) while the percentages of female patients were higher than male patients in those who on insulin (73. 6% vs. 66. 7 % ) and no treatment at all (4. 8% vs. 3. 9%). On Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument Scoring, it was seen that out of the total patients, 6 patients (2. 6% of the study population) had score 0; 16 patients (7. 0%) had score 1; 44 patients (19. 4%) had score 2; 43 patients (18. 9%) had score 3; 41 patients (18. 1%) had score 4; 36 patients (15. 9%) had score 5 and 41 patients (18. 1%) had score 6. The cumulative percentages for score 0. 00, 1. 00, 2. 00, 3. 00, 4. 00, 5. 00 and 6. 00 were 2. 6, 9. 7, 29. 1, 48. 0, 66. 1, 81. 0 and 100. 0 respectively. Mean Michigan Neuropathy Score of the total study population was 3. 6256?? 1. 66586 with a standard error was . 11057 and a 95% C. I of 3. 4077 for the lower bound and 3. 8434 for the upper bound. The median of Michigan Neuropathy Score was 4. 0000. Michigan Neuropathy Score had a range of 6. 00 with the minimum being 0. 00 and maximum 6. 00. On further analysis of Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument Scoring in relation to gender it was observed that the mean MNSI score among male population was 3. 5686?? 1. 69162, with a standard error of . 16750 and a 95% C. I of 3. 2364 for the lower bound and 3. 9009 for the upper bound. The mean MNSI score for the female population was 3. 6720?? 1. 64991, with a standard error of . 14757 and a 95% C. I of 3. 3799 for the lower bound and 3. 9641 for the upper bound. p value 0. 643 i. e. insignificant difference. The mean Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument Scoring was also analyzed with respect to duration of diabetes mellitus. It was observed that the mean MNSI score was 3. 5, 2. 4, 3. 65 , 3. 6, 3. 9 and 4. 5 for the disease duration of <1 year, 1-10 years, 11-20 21-30 31-40 years and ??? 41 respectively. the semmes weinstein monofilament test testing was analyzed separately for right left foot.
Right Foot Monofilament Testing:
Most of the patients (128 patients, comprising 56. 4% of the total study population) had a score of 10. 00. 22 patients (9. 7%) had a score of 0. One patient (0. 4%) had score of 1; 3 patients(1. 3%) had score 2; 5 patients (2. 2%) had score 3; 5 patients (2. 2%) had monofilament score 4; 7 patients (3. 1%) had score 5; 9 patients (4%) had score 6; 12 patients (5. 3%) had score 7; 29 patients(12. 8%) had score 8 and 6 patients (2. 6%) had a score of 9. For right foot, the cumulative percentages for monofilament test score 0. 00, 1. 00, 2. 00, 3. 00, 4. 00, 5. 00, 6. 00, 7. 00, 8. 00, 9. 00 and 10. 00 were 9. 7, 10. 1, 11. 5, 13. 7, 15. 9, 18. 9, 22. 9, 28. 2, 41. 0 and 43. 6 respectively. The mean monofilament testing score for the study population for right foot was 7. 8458?? 3. 25441 while the median was 10. 0000. Standard error was 0. 21600 and a 95% C. I of 7. 4202 for the lower bound and 8. 2715 for the upper bound. The minimum score was 0. 00 and maximum was 10. 00 with a range of 10. 00. The mean monofilament testing score (right foot) was further analyzed in relation to gender: Mean score for male population was 7. 6275?? 3. 14634, with standard error of . 31153 and a 95% CI of 7. 0095 for the lower bound and 8. 2455 for the upper bound(Minimum score= 0. 00, Maximum= 10. 00). Mean score for female population was 8. 0240?? 3. 34197, with standard error of . 29892and a 95% CI of 7. 4324for the lower bound and 8. 6156for the upper bound (Minimum score= 0. 00, Maximum= 10. 00). p- value was 0. 362 which was in significant difference. The mean monofilament testing score (right foot) with respect to duration of diabetes was also analyzed. The study population with a duration of diabetes of 21-30 years had highest mean monofilament score i. e. 8. 2 followed by those with a disease duration of <1 year i. e. 8. Patients with disease duration of ??? 41 years had lowest monofilament score i. e. 6. 8. Rest of the population had means scores of 7. 65, 7. 9 and 7. 2 with disease duration of 1-10 years, 11-20 years and 31-40 years respectively. 155 patients had normal sensations in their right foot, 50 patients had reduced sensation while 22 patients had no sensation their right foot. Descriptive statistics of age (years) in relation to interoperation of monofilament testing (right foot) had been analyzed. Mean age with normal sensation was 51. 0581 ?? 9. 24011, with standard error of 0. 74218 and a 95% C. I of 49. 5919 for the lower bound and 52. 5242 for the upper bound. (Minimum score = 40, Maximum = 80). Mean age with reduced sensation was 56. 5 ?? 10. 4007, with standard error of 1. 47087 and a 95% C. I of 53. 5442 for the lower bound and 59. 4558 for the upper bound. (Minimum score = 40, Maximum = 90). Mean age with absent sensation was 54. 2727 ?? 9. 59257, with standard error of 2. 04514 and a 95% C. I of 50. 0196 for the lower bound and 58. 5258 for the upper bound. ( Minimum score = 40, Maximum = 70). Total mean age in years in relation to interpretation of monofilament testing (right foot) was 52. 5683 ?? 9. 76985, with standard error of 0. 64845 and a 95% C. I of 51. 2905 for the lower bound and 53. 8461 for the upper bound. (Minimum score = 40, Maximum = 90). p ??? value was 0. 0000 which was significant difference. When monofilament test result (right foot) was analyzed with respect to gender, 62 males (60. 8 % of the total male population) and 93 females (74. 4 % of the total female population) had normal sensation; 33 males (32. 4 % of the total male population) and 17 females (13. 6 % of the total female population) had reduced sensation and 7 males (6. 9 % of the male population) and 15 females (12. 0 % of the female population) had absent sensation. In other words, monofilament test result (right foot) showed that in total 155 patients (68. 3 %) had normal sensation; 50 patients (22. 0 %) had reduced sensation and 22 patients (9. 7 %) had absent sensation. The interpretation of monofilament testing was analyzed in relation to duration of diabetes in the right foot. Among the subset of patients who had normal sensation, most of the patients (69 patients) had disease duration of 11-20 years, followed by those who had disease duration of 21-30 years (59 patients). 15 patients had disease duration of 31-40 years. 2, 5 and 4 patients who had normal sensation in right foot had duration of <1 year, 1-10 years and ??? 41 years respectively. Among the subset of patients who had reduced sensation in right foot, most of the patients (23 patients) had disease duration of 11-20 years, whereas 14 patients had diabetes duration of 21-30 years. Frequency of patients with disease duration of < one year, 1-10 years, 31-40 years and > 41 years was 1, 0, 8 and 4 respectively. Frequency of patients with absent sensation by monofilament test (right foot) having duration of diabetes <1 year, 1-10 years, 11-20 21-30 31-40 years and ??? 41 was 0, 1, 11, 6, 4 0 respectively. p value 0. 433 which showed in significant difference.
Left Foot Monofilament Testing
Most of the patients (127 patients, comprising 55. 9%% of the total study population) had a monofilament test score of 10 in left foot ; 21 patients (9. 3%) had a score of 0. 00; 3 patients (1. 3%) had score of 1. 00; 2 patients(0. 9%) had score 2; 4 patients(1. 8%) had score 3; 4(1. 8%) patients had monofilament score 4; 9 patients(4%) had score 5. 00; 9 patients (4%) had score 6. 00; 12(5. 3%) patients had score 7. 00; 30 patients(13. 2%) had score 8 and 6 patients(2. 6%) had score of 9. For left foot, the cumulative percentages for monofilament test score 0. 00, 1. 00, 2. 00, 3. 00, 4. 00, 5. 00, 6. 00, 7. 00, 8. 00, 9. 00 and 10. 00 were 9. 3, 10. 6, 11. 5, 13. 2, 15. 0, 18. 9, 22. 9, 28. 2, 41. 4 and 44. 1 respectively. The mean monofilament testing score for the study population for left foot was 7. 8502 ?? 3. 23484 while the median was 10. 0000. Standard error was 0. 21470 and a 95% C. I of 7. 4271 for the lower bound and 8. 2733 for the upper bound. The minimum score was 0. 00 and maximum was 10. 00 with a range of 10. 00. The mean monofilament testing score (left foot) was further analyzed in relation to gender: Mean score for male population was 7. 6471 ?? 3. 09150, with standard error of . 30610 and a 95% CI of 7. 0398 for the lower bound and 8. 2543 for the upper bound. (Minimum score= 0. 00, Maximum= 10. 00). Mean score for female population was 8. 0160 ?? 3. 35045, with standard error of . 29967and a 95% CI of 7. 4229 for the lower bound and 8. 6091 for the upper bound. (Minimum score= 0. 00, Maximum= 10. 00). The mean monofilament testing score (right foot) with respect to duration of diabetes was also analyzed. The study population with a duration of diabetes of 21-30 years had highest mean monofilament score i. e. 8. 2 followed by those with a disease duration of <1 year i. e. 8. Patients with a disease duration of ??? 41 years had lowest monofilament score i. e. 6. 8. Rest of the population had means scores of 7. 65, 7. 9 and 7. 2 with disease duration of 1-10 years, 11-20 years and 31-40 years respectively. 157 patients (69. 2% of the total study population) had normal sensations in their left foot, 49 patients (21. 6% of the total study population) had reduced sensation while 21 patients (9. 3% of the total study population) had no sensation their left foot. Descriptive statistics of age (years) in relation to interpretation of monofilament testing (left foot) had been analyzed. Mean age with normal sensation was 51. 1083 ?? 9. 19140, with standard error of 0. 73355 and a 95% C. I of 49. 6593 for the lower bound and 52. 5573 for the upper bound. (Minimum score = 40, Maximum = 80). Mean age with reduced sensation was 56. 7345 ?? 10. 57272, with standard error of 1. 51039 and a 95% C. I of 53. 6979 for the lower bound and 59. 7715 for the upper bound. (Minimum score = 40, Maximum = 90). Mean age with absent sensation was 53. 7619 ?? 9. 51790, with standard error of 2. 07698 and a 95% C. I of 49. 4294 for the lower bound and 58. 0944 for the upper bound. ( Minimum score = 40, Maximum = 70). Total mean age in years in relation to interpretation of monofilament testing (left foot) was 52. 5683 ?? 9. 76985, with standard error of 0. 64845 and a 95% C. I of 51. 2905 for the lower bound and 53. 8461 for the upper bound. (Minimum score = 40, Maximum = 90). p ??? value was 0. 0000 which was significant difference. When monofilament test result (left foot) was analyzed with respect to gender, 63 males (61. 8% of the total male population) and 94 females (75. 2% of the total female population) had normal sensation; 33 males (32. 4% of the total male population) and 16 females (12. 8% of the total female population) had reduced sensation and 6 males (5. 9% of the male population) and 15 females (12. 0% of the female population) had absent sensation. In other words, monofilament test result (left foot) showed that in total 157 patients (69. 2 %) had normal sensation; 49 patients (21. 6 %) had reduced sensation and 21 patients (9. 3 %) had absent sensation. The interpretation of monofilament testing was analyzed in relation to duration of diabetes. Among the subset of patients who had normal sensation, most of the patients (70 patients) had disease duration of 11-20 years, followed by those who had disease duration of 21-30 years (60 patients). 15 patients had disease duration of 31-40 years. 3, 5 and 4 patients had duration of <1 year, 1-10 years and ??? 41 years respectively. Among the subset of patients who had reduced sensation, most of the patients (22 patients) had disease duration of 11-20 years, whereas 14 patients had diabetes duration of 21-30 years. Frequency of patients with disease duration of < one year, 1-10 years, 31-40 years and > 41 years was 1, zero, 8 and 4 respectively. Frequency of patients with absent sensation by monofilament test (right foot) having duration of diabetes <1 year, 1-10 years, 11-20 years, 21-30 years, 31-40 years and ??? 41 years was zero, 1, 11, 5, 4 and zero respectively. The mean result of monofilament test in both left and right foot is that 68. 75% of the patients had normal sensation, 21. 8% had reduced sensation and 9. 5% had absent sensation in their feet.